what does the first amendment protect?

Should non political speech be protected under the first amendment? I think that is such a interesting concept. i guess for the most part I assumed that all speech was protected under the first amendment. It is treading on ice waters to be tell someone that they may not express themselves verbally because it is against the law, so I do think all speech should be protected by the first amendment with some exceptions. Speech that incites someone or a group of individuals to cause harm to others should not be tolerated or protected by our constitution. I know this sounds like a complete contradiction of the amendment, but I feel it is a necessary exception. If someone want to preach hate that is an issue that lies within that individual and anyone who chooses to listen. However, if this speech is leading to the harm of others and the constitution protects it, it would violate every other amendment that guarantees a life of peace and happiness. The whole idea is rather fuzzy, but whatever is better for the people is what the ultimate solution should bring.